[Solved] Research for Evidence Based Practice

Assignment Prompt & Instructions

CORRELATIONS – ## Discussion-statistics.docx – ## wk.6.ASSIGNMEN1.docx – ## SON_Writing_Template_with_Instructions_3.docx – wk.6.Rubric.docx **## Discussion-statistics.docx** **Initial Post** Discussion: Correlational Research Correlational studies on healthcare might be useful in investigating the link between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction with care (Papastavrou et al., 2014). The proposed research query for the study would be: ‘ _What is the correlation between the quality of nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction?_’ To examine this inquiry, the null hypothesis may assert that there is no statistically significant association between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction, whereas the alternative hypothesis could suggest that there is a statistically substantial positive correlation. The dependent variable in the research could be patient satisfaction with care, which is assessed subjectively through patient perspectives and opinions. Contrastingly, the independent variable would be the quality of nurse-patient interactions, which may be quantified using approved communication evaluation tools. It is expected that there will be a positive relationship between the variables in the research, indicating that there is a direct relationship between the quality of nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction. The prediction is based on the assumption that proficient communication enhances a positive patient experience, therefore, enhancing trust, understanding, and general satisfaction with nursing care. When nurses practice active listening, offer concise clarifications, and address patient issues, the patients will have a satisfactory experience (Alasad et al., 2015). However, multiple variables could influence this correlation. Patients' perceptions and responses to communication may be influenced by external factors including patient demographics and healthcare literacy. Patients with inadequate healthcare literacy may experience challenges in understanding medical information, which might significantly impact their level of satisfaction, even if the communication is of excellent quality. Furthermore, organizational variables, such as the number of staff members, may affect the communication between nurses and patients, consequently affecting the level of satisfaction experienced by patients (Findik et al., 2010). Conducting correlational research in this setting may offer useful insights into the underlying dynamics of the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction without indicating causality. Although causality cannot be determined through correlational research, the results can provide valuable insights for initiatives targeting the improvement of communication techniques to improve the overall patient experience. In conclusion, correlational studies are an effective approach for investigating the links between variables, especially in clinical settings. The proposed research intends to investigate the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction by using correlational research and the findings might guide evidence-based practice. The stated hypotheses, dependent and independent variables, and expectations establish the framework for developing research that has the potential to offer valuable insights for improving patient care and patient satisfaction. References Alasad, J., Tabar, N. A., & AbuRuz, M. E. (2015). Patient satisfaction with nursing care. _The Journal of nursing administration_, _45_(11), 563-568. Findik, U. Y., Unsar, S., & Sut, N. (2010). Patient satisfaction with nursing care and its relationship with patient characteristics. _Nursing & health sciences_, _12_(2), 162-169. Papastavrou, E., Andreou, P., Tsangari, H., & Merkouris, A. (2014). Linking patient satisfaction with nursing care: the case of care rationing-a correlational study. _BMC nursing_, _13_(1), 1-10. **## wk.6.ASSIGNMEN1.docx** ASSIGNMENT: CORRELATIONS  _Is there a connection between caffeine and headaches? Is there an association between hospital wait times and patient care? Is there a relationship between antibiotic use and weight gain?_ Correlation statistics all begin with a research question, and these research questions all seek to determine relationships between variables. Correlational analysis clarifies relationships, but there are many ways to formulate a correlation. Therefore, the strength of a correlation relies on the variables used and the interpretation of the results that may signify a statistically relevant association or relationship. For this Assignment, you will examine how to interpret results obtained through a correlational analysis. You will evaluate the correlation results provided in the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS output and will reflect on the meaning of the results for the variables examined. RESOURCES Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. [**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/modules/items/3132563) ### LEARNING RESOURCES #### [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/pages/week-6-learning-resources?module_item_id=3132563) · Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). _Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence_ (9th ed.). Elsevier. · Chapter 11, “Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods” (pp. 252–256) · Chapter 23, “Using Statistics to Examine Relationships” (pp. 663–674) · Benton, C. P. (2021). [Sexual health attitudes and beliefs among nursing faculty: A correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://auth.elsevier.com/ShibAuth/institutionLogin?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.waldenu.edu%2Fopenathens&appReturnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS026069172031515X%3Fvia%3Dihub). Nurse Education Today, 98. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104665 · Rio, L., Tenthorey, C., & Ramelet, A.-S. (2021). [Unplanned postdischarge healthcare utilisation, discharge readiness, and perceived quality of teaching in mothers of neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit: A descriptive and correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1036731420302502). Australian Critical Care, 34(1), 9–14. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.07.001 · Woo, M.-J., & Kim, D.-H. (2021). [Factors associated with secondary traumatic stress among nurses in regional trauma centers in South Korea: A descriptive correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0099176720302890). Journal of Emergency Nursing, 47(3), 400–411. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.006 · Document: [Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785?wrap=1) [Download Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785/download?download_frd=1) · Document: [CITI Program Learner Registration Guide (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340793?wrap=1) TO PREPARE: · Review the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. · Review the Learning Resources on how to interpret correlation results to determine the relationship between variables. · Consider the results presented in the SPSS output and reflect on how you might interpret the results presented. THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES) Answer the following questions using the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. 1. What is the strongest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 2. What is the weakest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 3. How many original correlations are present on the matrix? 4. What does the entry of 1.00 indicate on the diagonal of the matrix? 5. Indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical health component subscale. 6. Which variable is most strongly correlated with BMI? What is the correlational coefficient? What is the sample size for this relationship? 7. What is the mean and standard deviation for BMI and doctor visits? 8. What is the mean and standard deviation for _weight_ and _BMI_? 9. Describe the strength and direction of the relationship between _weight_ and _BMI_. 10. Describe the scatterplot. What information does it provide to a researcher? **Reminder**: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)). All papers submitted must use this formatting. ## image1.jpeg **## SON_Writing_Template_with_Instructions_3.docx** 5 **Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here** Student Name Here Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University Course Number, Section, and Title (Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course) Instructor Name Month, Day, Year (enter the date submitted to instructor) **Title of the Paper** This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. ( _BSN Students_ – _Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check _Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements: 1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic. 2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done. 3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a [thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”. **Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the [MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and **avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph. **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas. Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document. The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. [Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous [APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via [email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course. And so forth until the conclusion…. **Conclusion** The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. **References** Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list. Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. _Society & Natural Resources_, _27_(4), 231–248. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554) Journal Article, Two Authors; URL Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance. _CPA Journal_, _77_(6), 66–71. [http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm) Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. _Journal of Improbable Mathematics_, _27_(1), 1935–1968. [https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx) Book; One Author Weinstein, J. A. (2019). _Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Book; Chapter in an Edited Book Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), _Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools. Professional Organization Web page Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). _Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html) Professional Organization Book American Nurses Association. (2010). _Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.). Two or more works by same author in the same year Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. _Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105. Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. _Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167. Government Article National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). _Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office. Lecture Notes Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References) Video Walden University. (2009). _Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Television (Audio) Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). _The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service. **APA Resources** You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page. · Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020. · The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references). · Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list. **wk.6.Rubric.docx** This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/wk-6-rubric-docx) **wk.6.Rubric.docx** This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/wk-6-rubric-docx) **## Discussion-statistics.docx** **Initial Post** Discussion: Correlational Research Correlational studies on healthcare might be useful in investigating the link between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction with care (Papastavrou et al., 2014). The proposed research query for the study would be: ‘ _What is the correlation between the quality of nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction?_’ To examine this inquiry, the null hypothesis may assert that there is no statistically significant association between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction, whereas the alternative hypothesis could suggest that there is a statistically substantial positive correlation. The dependent variable in the research could be patient satisfaction with care, which is assessed subjectively through patient perspectives and opinions. Contrastingly, the independent variable would be the quality of nurse-patient interactions, which may be quantified using approved communication evaluation tools. It is expected that there will be a positive relationship between the variables in the research, indicating that there is a direct relationship between the quality of nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction. The prediction is based on the assumption that proficient communication enhances a positive patient experience, therefore, enhancing trust, understanding, and general satisfaction with nursing care. When nurses practice active listening, offer concise clarifications, and address patient issues, the patients will have a satisfactory experience (Alasad et al., 2015). However, multiple variables could influence this correlation. Patients' perceptions and responses to communication may be influenced by external factors including patient demographics and healthcare literacy. Patients with inadequate healthcare literacy may experience challenges in understanding medical information, which might significantly impact their level of satisfaction, even if the communication is of excellent quality. Furthermore, organizational variables, such as the number of staff members, may affect the communication between nurses and patients, consequently affecting the level of satisfaction experienced by patients (Findik et al., 2010). Conducting correlational research in this setting may offer useful insights into the underlying dynamics of the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction without indicating causality. Although causality cannot be determined through correlational research, the results can provide valuable insights for initiatives targeting the improvement of communication techniques to improve the overall patient experience. In conclusion, correlational studies are an effective approach for investigating the links between variables, especially in clinical settings. The proposed research intends to investigate the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction by using correlational research and the findings might guide evidence-based practice. The stated hypotheses, dependent and independent variables, and expectations establish the framework for developing research that has the potential to offer valuable insights for improving patient care and patient satisfaction. References Alasad, J., Tabar, N. A., & AbuRuz, M. E. (2015). Patient satisfaction with nursing care. _The Journal of nursing administration_, _45_(11), 563-568. Findik, U. Y., Unsar, S., & Sut, N. (2010). Patient satisfaction with nursing care and its relationship with patient characteristics. _Nursing & health sciences_, _12_(2), 162-169. Papastavrou, E., Andreou, P., Tsangari, H., & Merkouris, A. (2014). Linking patient satisfaction with nursing care: the case of care rationing-a correlational study. _BMC nursing_, _13_(1), 1-10. **## wk.6.ASSIGNMEN1.docx** ASSIGNMENT: CORRELATIONS  _Is there a connection between caffeine and headaches? Is there an association between hospital wait times and patient care? Is there a relationship between antibiotic use and weight gain?_ Correlation statistics all begin with a research question, and these research questions all seek to determine relationships between variables. Correlational analysis clarifies relationships, but there are many ways to formulate a correlation. Therefore, the strength of a correlation relies on the variables used and the interpretation of the results that may signify a statistically relevant association or relationship. For this Assignment, you will examine how to interpret results obtained through a correlational analysis. You will evaluate the correlation results provided in the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS output and will reflect on the meaning of the results for the variables examined. RESOURCES Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. [**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/modules/items/3132563) ### LEARNING RESOURCES #### [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/pages/week-6-learning-resources?module_item_id=3132563) · Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). _Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence_ (9th ed.). Elsevier. · Chapter 11, “Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods” (pp. 252–256) · Chapter 23, “Using Statistics to Examine Relationships” (pp. 663–674) · Benton, C. P. (2021). [Sexual health attitudes and beliefs among nursing faculty: A correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://auth.elsevier.com/ShibAuth/institutionLogin?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.waldenu.edu%2Fopenathens&appReturnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS026069172031515X%3Fvia%3Dihub). Nurse Education Today, 98. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104665 · Rio, L., Tenthorey, C., & Ramelet, A.-S. (2021). [Unplanned postdischarge healthcare utilisation, discharge readiness, and perceived quality of teaching in mothers of neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit: A descriptive and correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1036731420302502). Australian Critical Care, 34(1), 9–14. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.07.001 · Woo, M.-J., & Kim, D.-H. (2021). [Factors associated with secondary traumatic stress among nurses in regional trauma centers in South Korea: A descriptive correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0099176720302890). Journal of Emergency Nursing, 47(3), 400–411. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.006 · Document: [Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785?wrap=1) [Download Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785/download?download_frd=1) · Document: [CITI Program Learner Registration Guide (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340793?wrap=1) TO PREPARE: · Review the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. · Review the Learning Resources on how to interpret correlation results to determine the relationship between variables. · Consider the results presented in the SPSS output and reflect on how you might interpret the results presented. THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES) Answer the following questions using the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. 1. What is the strongest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 2. What is the weakest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 3. How many original correlations are present on the matrix? 4. What does the entry of 1.00 indicate on the diagonal of the matrix? 5. Indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical health component subscale. 6. Which variable is most strongly correlated with BMI? What is the correlational coefficient? What is the sample size for this relationship? 7. What is the mean and standard deviation for BMI and doctor visits? 8. What is the mean and standard deviation for _weight_ and _BMI_? 9. Describe the strength and direction of the relationship between _weight_ and _BMI_. 10. Describe the scatterplot. What information does it provide to a researcher? **Reminder**: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)). All papers submitted must use this formatting. ## image1.jpeg **## SON_Writing_Template_with_Instructions_3.docx** 5 **Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here** Student Name Here Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University Course Number, Section, and Title (Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course) Instructor Name Month, Day, Year (enter the date submitted to instructor) **Title of the Paper** This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. ( _BSN Students_ – _Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check _Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements: 1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic. 2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done. 3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a [thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”. **Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the [MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and **avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph. **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas. Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document. The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. [Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous [APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via [email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course. And so forth until the conclusion…. **Conclusion** The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. **References** Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list. Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. _Society & Natural Resources_, _27_(4), 231–248. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554) Journal Article, Two Authors; URL Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance. _CPA Journal_, _77_(6), 66–71. [http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm) Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. _Journal of Improbable Mathematics_, _27_(1), 1935–1968. [https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx) Book; One Author Weinstein, J. A. (2019). _Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Book; Chapter in an Edited Book Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), _Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools. Professional Organization Web page Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). _Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html) Professional Organization Book American Nurses Association. (2010). _Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.). Two or more works by same author in the same year Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. _Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105. Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. _Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167. Government Article National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). _Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office. Lecture Notes Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References) Video Walden University. (2009). _Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Television (Audio) Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). _The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service. **APA Resources** You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page. · Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020. · The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references). · Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list. **wk.6.Rubric.docx** This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/wk-6-rubric-docx) **## Discussion-statistics.docx** **Initial Post** Discussion: Correlational Research Correlational studies on healthcare might be useful in investigating the link between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction with care (Papastavrou et al., 2014). The proposed research query for the study would be: ‘ _What is the correlation between the quality of nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction?_’ To examine this inquiry, the null hypothesis may assert that there is no statistically significant association between nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction, whereas the alternative hypothesis could suggest that there is a statistically substantial positive correlation. The dependent variable in the research could be patient satisfaction with care, which is assessed subjectively through patient perspectives and opinions. Contrastingly, the independent variable would be the quality of nurse-patient interactions, which may be quantified using approved communication evaluation tools. It is expected that there will be a positive relationship between the variables in the research, indicating that there is a direct relationship between the quality of nurse-patient interaction and patient satisfaction. The prediction is based on the assumption that proficient communication enhances a positive patient experience, therefore, enhancing trust, understanding, and general satisfaction with nursing care. When nurses practice active listening, offer concise clarifications, and address patient issues, the patients will have a satisfactory experience (Alasad et al., 2015). However, multiple variables could influence this correlation. Patients' perceptions and responses to communication may be influenced by external factors including patient demographics and healthcare literacy. Patients with inadequate healthcare literacy may experience challenges in understanding medical information, which might significantly impact their level of satisfaction, even if the communication is of excellent quality. Furthermore, organizational variables, such as the number of staff members, may affect the communication between nurses and patients, consequently affecting the level of satisfaction experienced by patients (Findik et al., 2010). Conducting correlational research in this setting may offer useful insights into the underlying dynamics of the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction without indicating causality. Although causality cannot be determined through correlational research, the results can provide valuable insights for initiatives targeting the improvement of communication techniques to improve the overall patient experience. In conclusion, correlational studies are an effective approach for investigating the links between variables, especially in clinical settings. The proposed research intends to investigate the link between nurse-patient communication and patient satisfaction by using correlational research and the findings might guide evidence-based practice. The stated hypotheses, dependent and independent variables, and expectations establish the framework for developing research that has the potential to offer valuable insights for improving patient care and patient satisfaction. References Alasad, J., Tabar, N. A., & AbuRuz, M. E. (2015). Patient satisfaction with nursing care. _The Journal of nursing administration_, _45_(11), 563-568. Findik, U. Y., Unsar, S., & Sut, N. (2010). Patient satisfaction with nursing care and its relationship with patient characteristics. _Nursing & health sciences_, _12_(2), 162-169. Papastavrou, E., Andreou, P., Tsangari, H., & Merkouris, A. (2014). Linking patient satisfaction with nursing care: the case of care rationing-a correlational study. _BMC nursing_, _13_(1), 1-10. **## wk.6.ASSIGNMEN1.docx** ASSIGNMENT: CORRELATIONS  _Is there a connection between caffeine and headaches? Is there an association between hospital wait times and patient care? Is there a relationship between antibiotic use and weight gain?_ Correlation statistics all begin with a research question, and these research questions all seek to determine relationships between variables. Correlational analysis clarifies relationships, but there are many ways to formulate a correlation. Therefore, the strength of a correlation relies on the variables used and the interpretation of the results that may signify a statistically relevant association or relationship. For this Assignment, you will examine how to interpret results obtained through a correlational analysis. You will evaluate the correlation results provided in the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS output and will reflect on the meaning of the results for the variables examined. RESOURCES Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity. Click the weekly resources link to access the resources. [**WEEKLY RESOURCES**](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/modules/items/3132563) ### LEARNING RESOURCES #### [Required Readings](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/pages/week-6-learning-resources?module_item_id=3132563) · Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). _Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence_ (9th ed.). Elsevier. · Chapter 11, “Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods” (pp. 252–256) · Chapter 23, “Using Statistics to Examine Relationships” (pp. 663–674) · Benton, C. P. (2021). [Sexual health attitudes and beliefs among nursing faculty: A correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://auth.elsevier.com/ShibAuth/institutionLogin?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.waldenu.edu%2Fopenathens&appReturnURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS026069172031515X%3Fvia%3Dihub). Nurse Education Today, 98. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104665 · Rio, L., Tenthorey, C., & Ramelet, A.-S. (2021). [Unplanned postdischarge healthcare utilisation, discharge readiness, and perceived quality of teaching in mothers of neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit: A descriptive and correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1036731420302502). Australian Critical Care, 34(1), 9–14. doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.07.001 · Woo, M.-J., & Kim, D.-H. (2021). [Factors associated with secondary traumatic stress among nurses in regional trauma centers in South Korea: A descriptive correlational study\ Links to an external site.](https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0099176720302890). Journal of Emergency Nursing, 47(3), 400–411. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.006 · Document: [Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785?wrap=1) [Download Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340785/download?download_frd=1) · Document: [CITI Program Learner Registration Guide (PDF)](https://waldenu.instructure.com/courses/92570/files/6340793?wrap=1) TO PREPARE: · Review the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. · Review the Learning Resources on how to interpret correlation results to determine the relationship between variables. · Consider the results presented in the SPSS output and reflect on how you might interpret the results presented. THE ASSIGNMENT: (2–3 PAGES) Answer the following questions using the Week 6 Correlations Exercises SPSS Output provided in this week’s Learning Resources. 1. What is the strongest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 2. What is the weakest correlation in the matrix? (Provide the correlation value and the names of variables) 3. How many original correlations are present on the matrix? 4. What does the entry of 1.00 indicate on the diagonal of the matrix? 5. Indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical health component subscale. 6. Which variable is most strongly correlated with BMI? What is the correlational coefficient? What is the sample size for this relationship? 7. What is the mean and standard deviation for BMI and doctor visits? 8. What is the mean and standard deviation for _weight_ and _BMI_? 9. Describe the strength and direction of the relationship between _weight_ and _BMI_. 10. Describe the scatterplot. What information does it provide to a researcher? **Reminder**: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632Links to an external site.](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general)). All papers submitted must use this formatting. ## image1.jpeg **## SON_Writing_Template_with_Instructions_3.docx** 5 **Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here** Student Name Here Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University Course Number, Section, and Title (Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course) Instructor Name Month, Day, Year (enter the date submitted to instructor) **Title of the Paper** This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. ( _BSN Students_ – _Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.)_ This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check _Spacing_ under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements: 1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic. 2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done. 3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a [thesis statement](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/thesisstatements)) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”. **Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the [MEAL plan](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/organization) (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and **avoid using direct quotations**. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph. **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas. Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations). You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document. The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. [Personal communications](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/personalcommunication) are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to **Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)** APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous [APA resources on its website](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/secondarysources) and can answer your questions via [email](mailto:writingsupport@waldenu.edu). Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course. And so forth until the conclusion…. **Conclusion** The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. **References** Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list. Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. _Society & Natural Resources_, _27_(4), 231–248. [https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554](https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554) Journal Article, Two Authors; URL Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance. _CPA Journal_, _77_(6), 66–71. [http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm](http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm) Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. _Journal of Improbable Mathematics_, _27_(1), 1935–1968. [https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx](https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx) Book; One Author Weinstein, J. A. (2019). _Social change_ (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Book; Chapter in an Edited Book Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), _Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice_ (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools. Professional Organization Web page Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). _Back to school._ [https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html](https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html) Professional Organization Book American Nurses Association. (2010). _Nursing: Scope and standards of practice_ (2nd ed.). Two or more works by same author in the same year Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. _Journal of Social Psychology, 4_(1), 101–105. Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. _Journal of Child Psychology, 4_(12), 161–167. Government Article National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). _Clinical training in serious mental illness_ (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office. Lecture Notes Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References) Video Walden University. (2009). _Title of video here_ [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. [https://class.waldenu.edu](https://class.waldenu.edu/) Television (Audio) Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). _The nightly news hour_ [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service. **APA Resources** You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page. · Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020. · The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at [https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references](https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references). · Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list. **wk.6.Rubric.docx** This file is too large to display. [View in new window](https://www.sweetstudy.com/files/wk-6-rubric-docx) – 1 – 2 – 3 – 4